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At A-Level you must understand the threats to networked systems and the security measures used to protect them. This lesson covers firewalls, proxy servers, intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS), and other key network security concepts.
| Threat | Description |
|---|---|
| Malware | Malicious software — viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, spyware |
| Phishing | Fraudulent emails/websites designed to trick users into revealing credentials |
| Man-in-the-middle (MITM) | An attacker intercepts and possibly alters communication between two parties |
| Denial of Service (DoS / DDoS) | Flooding a server with traffic to make it unavailable to legitimate users |
| SQL injection | Inserting malicious SQL into input fields to manipulate a database |
| Brute force | Systematically trying all possible passwords until the correct one is found |
| Social engineering | Manipulating people into breaking security procedures |
| Packet sniffing | Capturing and analysing network traffic to extract sensitive data |
A firewall is a network security device (hardware or software) that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of predefined rules.
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