Child-Directed Speech and Input

Child-directed speech (CDS) — also known as motherese, parentese, or caretaker speech — refers to the distinctive way that adults (and older children) modify their language when speaking to young children. CDS is a central topic in AQA A-Level English Language, as it connects directly to debates about how children acquire language and the role of input in the acquisition process.

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What Is Child-Directed Speech?

Key Definition: Child-Directed Speech (CDS) — the modified form of language used by adults when speaking to young children, characterised by higher pitch, exaggerated intonation, simpler vocabulary and grammar, shorter utterances, and greater repetition. Also known as motherese, parentese, or caretaker speech.

CDS differs from adult-directed speech (ADS) in systematic ways across all language levels. The modifications appear to be unconscious — most adults are not aware that they change their speech when talking to young children.

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Features of Child-Directed Speech

Phonological Features