Graphology

Graphology is the study of the visual features of texts — everything that contributes to the way a text looks on the page, screen, or in the physical world. While phonology focuses on how language sounds, graphology focuses on how language is presented visually. In an increasingly multimodal world, graphological analysis has become ever more important.

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What Graphology Covers

Graphology encompasses a wide range of visual features:

Feature	Description
Typography	Font choice, size, weight (bold), italics, underlining, capitalisation
Layout	The spatial arrangement of text on a page or screen
Colour	The use of colour in text and background
Images	Photographs, illustrations, diagrams, icons
Paragraphing	The division of text into paragraphs; paragraph length
Headings and subheadings	Hierarchical organisation of content
Lists and bullet points	Visual structuring of information
Logos and branding	Visual identity markers associated with organisations
White space	The deliberate use of empty space around text and images
Borders and lines	Visual dividers that separate sections of a text