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This lesson examines the global energy mix, the tension between fossil fuel dependence and the transition to renewables, the concept of energy security, energy poverty, and the pathways to a more sustainable energy future. Energy is deeply intertwined with population, food, water, and health — making it a crucial integrating theme in AQA A-Level Geography Paper 2.
Key Definition: Energy security is the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price (IEA definition). It has both short-term dimensions (the ability to react promptly to sudden changes in supply-demand balance) and long-term dimensions (investment to supply energy in line with economic development and environmental needs).
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Availability | Sufficient energy resources exist and can be accessed |
| Affordability | Energy prices are manageable for consumers and industry |
| Reliability | Supply is consistent and not subject to frequent disruption |
| Sustainability | Energy is produced and consumed in ways that do not undermine environmental or social systems |
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