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This lesson examines two of the most destructive forms of nationalism: expansionist nationalism and ethnic nationalism. These strands demonstrate how nationalism can be perverted from a progressive force for self-determination into an aggressive, exclusionary, and even genocidal ideology.
Expansionist nationalism is a form of nationalism that seeks to extend the nation's power, territory, and influence beyond its existing borders. It goes beyond self-determination (governing yourself) to domination (governing others).
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| National superiority | The nation is believed to be inherently superior to others — in culture, race, or destiny |
| Territorial expansion | The nation has a right (or duty) to expand its territory to include all members of the nation, or to acquire resources and strategic advantages |
| Militarism | Military power is central to national greatness; war is glorified as a test of national strength |
| Imperialism | The nation has a mission to civilise or dominate other peoples |
| Chauvinism | Extreme, irrational loyalty to the nation, combined with contempt for other nations |
1. German Expansionism (19th–20th century)
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