One Nation vs New Right

This lesson examines the key division within conservatism between one-nation conservatism and the New Right (Thatcherism). Understanding this internal debate is essential for the Edexcel A-Level Politics specification.

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One-Nation Conservatism

Origins and Core Beliefs

Articulated by Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881), who warned Britain was becoming "two nations" — rich and poor.

1. Paternalism. The wealthy have a duty of care (noblesse oblige) towards the poor.
2. Social cohesion. Excessive inequality threatens social stability. Support a moderate welfare state.
3. Pragmatism. Support whatever policies maintain social stability, even significant state intervention.
4. Managed capitalism. Accept a mixed economy — private enterprise combined with state intervention and Keynesian demand management.
5. Moderation. Centre-right, balancing freedom with social responsibility.

Example: Post-war Conservative governments (1951-64) accepted the welfare state, NHS, and Keynesian economics.

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The New Right

Origins

Emerged in the 1970s-80s as a reaction against the perceived failures of the post-war consensus — inflation, union militancy, and an overextended welfare state. Associated with Margaret Thatcher (PM 1979-1990).

Two Strands

1. Neoliberalism (Economic Liberalism)