Parliamentary Privilege and MPs' Conduct

Parliamentary privilege is a set of legal immunities and rights that protect MPs and peers in the exercise of their parliamentary duties. It is a fundamental feature of the UK constitution, ensuring that parliamentarians can debate freely without fear of legal action. However, privilege has also been the subject of controversy, particularly in relation to MPs' conduct, expenses, and standards. This lesson examines the nature, purpose, and limits of parliamentary privilege and the mechanisms for regulating MPs' behaviour.

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What Is Parliamentary Privilege?

Parliamentary privilege consists of two main elements:

1. Freedom of Speech (Article 9 of the Bill of Rights 1689)

Article 9 states: "The freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament."

This means:

• MPs and peers can say anything during parliamentary proceedings without fear of being sued for defamation or prosecuted.
• Evidence given to select committees is protected.
• Proceedings in Parliament cannot be used as evidence in court.