The Influence of Early Attachment on Later Relationships

Bowlby's theory predicts that early attachment experiences shape later relationships through the internal working model — a cognitive framework that influences how individuals perceive themselves, others, and close relationships throughout their lives. This lesson examines the evidence for and against this continuity hypothesis, focusing on the influence of early attachment on adult romantic relationships, parenting, and peer relationships.

Key Definition: The internal working model (IWM) is a mental representation of the attachment relationship formed in infancy. It includes a model of the self (as lovable or not), a model of others (as trustworthy or not), and a model of how relationships work. The IWM acts as a template for all future relationships.

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The Continuity Hypothesis

The continuity hypothesis states that early attachment type predicts later social and emotional behaviour. Securely attached infants are expected to grow into socially competent, emotionally resilient adults, while insecurely attached infants are expected to experience difficulties in later relationships.

This continuity is mediated by the internal working model. The IWM formed during the first relationship (with the primary attachment figure) acts as a schema that guides expectations, interpretations, and behaviour in subsequent relationships.