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The human brain has two cerebral hemispheres — left and right — connected by the corpus callosum. Although the hemispheres appear structurally similar, they differ in function. This functional asymmetry is known as lateralisation. The most dramatic evidence for lateralisation comes from research on split-brain patients — individuals whose corpus callosum has been surgically severed.
Key Definition: Lateralisation refers to the idea that the two hemispheres of the brain are functionally different, with certain cognitive processes and behaviours localised to one hemisphere more than the other.
Research over the past 150 years has revealed that the two hemispheres tend to specialise in different functions:
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