Is Psychology a Science?

The question of whether psychology qualifies as a science is central to the discipline's identity and credibility. Psychology uses many of the methods associated with science, but its subject matter — human behaviour, thoughts, and emotions — presents unique challenges. The AQA specification requires you to evaluate psychology's scientific status by considering the features of science and how well different psychological approaches meet these criteria.

Key Definition: Science is a systematic, empirical approach to knowledge based on observation, hypothesis testing, replication, and the development of general laws and theories.

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Features of Science

Empiricism

Key Definition: Empiricism is the belief that knowledge should be gained through direct observation and experience rather than through speculation, authority, or intuition.

Scientific knowledge must be based on observable, measurable evidence. In psychology, this means using methods such as experiments, observations, and surveys to collect data, rather than relying on philosophical argument or personal belief.

Objectivity

Key Definition: Objectivity means that scientific observations and conclusions are not influenced by the researcher's personal feelings, expectations, or biases.