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The European Enlightenment of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries posed the most fundamental intellectual challenge Christianity had faced since its encounter with Greek philosophy. Enlightenment thinkers championed reason, empirical evidence, and individual autonomy as the supreme authorities, displacing the traditional authorities of Scripture, Church, and tradition. This lesson examines the key Enlightenment critiques of Christianity — Deism, biblical criticism, and the philosophical challenges of Schleiermacher and Feuerbach — and evaluates their lasting impact on Christian thought.
The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Reason) is broadly characterised by several commitments:
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