Religion, Renewal and Choice

Several sociologists have challenged the secularisation thesis by arguing that religion is not declining but transforming. Rather than disappearing, religion is taking new forms — becoming more individualised, privatised, and diverse. This lesson examines the key theorists who argue for religious renewal and choice: Grace Davie, Danièle Hervieu-Léger, David Lyon, and Paul Heelas and Linda Woodhead.

Key Definition: Religious renewal refers to the revitalisation or transformation of religious belief and practice, taking new forms rather than simply declining. Religious choice refers to the idea that in late-modern societies, individuals choose their religious beliefs and practices from a range of options, rather than inheriting them from tradition.

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Grace Davie: Believing Without Belonging

Grace Davie (1994) challenged the secularisation thesis with her concept of "believing without belonging." She argued that the decline in church attendance does not necessarily indicate a decline in religious belief. Many people in modern societies continue to hold religious beliefs — they believe in God, pray, and consider themselves spiritual — but they no longer feel the need to express these beliefs through regular participation in organised religious institutions.

Key Arguments