Socialisation and Identity

Socialisation is the process through which individuals learn the culture of their society and develop a sense of identity. It is one of the most fundamental concepts in sociology, as it explains how biological individuals become social beings. This lesson examines the different types and agencies of socialisation, the nature versus nurture debate, and key theories of identity formation.

Key Definition: Socialisation is the lifelong process by which individuals learn the norms, values, beliefs, and expected behaviours of their society or social group.

---

Types of Socialisation

Primary Socialisation

Primary socialisation occurs in the early years of childhood, primarily within the family. It is the most intense and formative period of socialisation, during which children learn:

• Basic language and communication skills.
• Fundamental norms and values (right and wrong, politeness, sharing).
• Gender roles and expectations.
• Emotional attachment and trust.
• Core cultural identity (religion, ethnicity, nationality).