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Patterns of educational achievement in the UK vary significantly by ethnicity. While some ethnic minority groups (notably Chinese and Indian pupils) consistently outperform the White British average, others (particularly Black Caribbean, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi pupils) have historically underachieved, although the picture is complex and changing. The AQA specification requires you to understand and evaluate both external factors (outside school) and internal factors (within school) that contribute to ethnic differences in achievement, as well as to consider how ethnicity intersects with class and gender.
Key Definition: Ethnic differences in achievement refer to the measurable differences in educational outcomes between pupils from different ethnic backgrounds. These differences are shaped by a complex interaction of cultural, material, and institutional factors.
Recent data from the Department for Education shows a complex pattern:
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