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This lesson covers the sub-atomic particles, atomic number, mass number and isotopes as required by AQA GCSE Combined Science Trilogy (8464, Chemistry 4.1.1). You must be able to determine the number of each sub-atomic particle from the periodic table, use atomic notation and calculate relative atomic mass.
Atoms are made of three types of sub-atomic particle:
| Particle | Relative Charge | Relative Mass | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proton | +1 | 1 | Nucleus |
| Neutron | 0 | 1 | Nucleus |
| Electron | −1 | Very small (≈ 1/1836, negligible) | Energy levels (shells) around the nucleus |
Key points:
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