Generators and Transformers (Higher Tier)

This lesson covers AC generators, the alternating voltage they produce, and transformers (including the transformer equation). This is Higher Tier only for AQA GCSE Combined Science Trilogy (8464), specification section 6.7.2.

---

The AC Generator (Alternator)

An AC generator (also called an alternator) converts kinetic energy into electrical energy using electromagnetic induction.

Components

Component	Function
Rectangular coil	Rotates in the magnetic field; the conductor in which voltage is induced
Permanent magnets	Provide the external magnetic field
Slip rings	Two continuous rings that rotate with the coil; maintain connection to the external circuit
Carbon brushes	Stationary contacts that press against the slip rings; connect to the external circuit
Axle	Allows the coil to rotate

graph TD
    subgraph "AC Generator Components"
        Coil["Rotating coil"] --- Magnets["Permanent magnets (N and S)"]
        Coil --- SR["Slip rings (rotate with coil)"]
        SR --- CB["Carbon brushes (stationary)"]
        CB --- Circuit["External circuit / load"]
    end

---

How the AC Generator Works