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Amazon Redshift is a fast, fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service. It enables you to run complex analytical queries against structured and semi-structured data using standard SQL. Redshift is optimised for online analytical processing (OLAP) — aggregating, joining, and summarising billions of rows — rather than the transactional (OLTP) workloads served by RDS or Aurora.
| Characteristic | OLTP (RDS, Aurora, DynamoDB) | OLAP (Redshift) |
|---|---|---|
| Query type | Short, simple (INSERT, SELECT by key) | Long, complex (GROUP BY, JOIN, window functions) |
| Data volume | Gigabytes to low terabytes | Terabytes to petabytes |
| Users | Application servers (thousands of concurrent transactions) | Analysts, BI tools (tens to hundreds of concurrent queries) |
| Schema design | Normalised (3NF) | Denormalised (star / snowflake schema) |
| Optimised for | Low-latency reads and writes | High-throughput scans and aggregations |
A Redshift cluster consists of:
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