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Amazon Route 53 is AWS's highly available and scalable Domain Name System (DNS) web service. It performs three main functions: domain registration, DNS routing, and health checking. Route 53 is the entry point for almost every request that reaches your AWS infrastructure — translating human-friendly domain names into IP addresses that computers use.
The Domain Name System translates domain names like www.example.com into IP addresses like 54.200.10.5. Without DNS, users would have to remember numeric addresses for every website.
User types www.example.com
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1. Browser checks local cache
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2. Query goes to recursive resolver (ISP or 8.8.8.8)
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3. Resolver queries root name server → "ask .com TLD"
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4. Resolver queries .com TLD server → "ask ns-xxx.awsdns-xx.com"
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5. Resolver queries Route 53 authoritative name server
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6. Route 53 returns 54.200.10.5
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7. Browser connects to 54.200.10.5
A hosted zone is a container for DNS records for a domain. There are two types:
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