Data Handling and Statistics

Data handling is about collecting, organising, and interpreting information. In the CEM 11+ exam, you need to read charts and graphs accurately, calculate averages, and understand basic probability. CEM questions can present data in unfamiliar formats, so being confident with the underlying concepts is more important than memorising one type of chart.

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Types of Charts and Graphs

Bar Charts

Bar charts use bars of different heights to represent data. The height of each bar shows the frequency (how many).

How to read a bar chart:

1. Read the title and axis labels carefully.
2. Use the scale on the y-axis to read the value for each bar.
3. Compare bars to answer questions.

Line Graphs

Line graphs show how data changes over time. Points are plotted and connected with straight lines.

Key skills:

• Read values at specific points
• Identify trends (increasing, decreasing, staying the same)
• Find the difference between two points

Pie Charts

A pie chart uses a circle divided into sectors (slices) to show proportions. The whole circle represents 360°.