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This lesson covers energy flow through ecosystems, including food chains, food webs, trophic levels, productivity (GPP and NPP), and energy transfer efficiency calculations, as required by the Edexcel A-Level Biology specification (9BI0), Topic 10 -- Ecosystems.
Energy enters most ecosystems as sunlight and flows through the ecosystem via feeding relationships. At each stage, energy is transferred but also lost, primarily as heat from respiration.
Key principles:
A trophic level is the position of an organism in a food chain or food web.
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