Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies are identical copies of a single type of antibody, produced from a single clone of cells. They are one of the most important developments in modern medicine and biotechnology. In this lesson you will learn how they are produced, their uses in diagnosis and treatment, and their advantages and disadvantages.

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What Are Monoclonal Antibodies?

• Mono = one, clonal = from a single clone
• Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies that are all specific to one particular antigen
• They are produced in large quantities from a single clone of cells
• Because they are all the same, they bind to exactly the same antigen — making them incredibly specific and predictable

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How Are Monoclonal Antibodies Produced?

The production of monoclonal antibodies involves combining lymphocytes (which make antibodies) with tumour cells (which divide indefinitely). The key steps are:

Step-by-Step Production Process

Step 1: Immunise a mouse

• A mouse is injected with the target antigen — the specific molecule you want the antibodies to bind to
• The mouse's immune system responds by producing lymphocytes that make antibodies against this antigen