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The theory of evolution by natural selection is one of the most important ideas in biology. It was developed independently by two naturalists: Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. In this lesson we explore how the theory was developed, what it explains, and why it was controversial.
In 1831, Charles Darwin set sail on HMS Beagle as the ship's naturalist on a five-year survey voyage around the world. During the voyage, Darwin made careful observations of the natural world, particularly when the ship visited South America and the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Darwin noticed that the finches on different islands of the Galapagos had different beak shapes:
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