This final lesson brings together everything you have learned about ionic, simple covalent (molecular), giant covalent and metallic bonding. Being able to compare these four types, interpret experimental data and identify an unknown substance from its properties is a key skill for the Edexcel GCSE Chemistry (1CH0) exam.
The Four Main Types of Bonding and Structure
1. Ionic Compounds (Giant Ionic Lattice)
Bonding: electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (metal + non-metal).
Structure: giant ionic lattice — regular 3D arrangement of ions.
Melting/boiling point: HIGH — strong forces in all directions.
Electrical conductivity (solid): NO — ions in fixed positions.
Electrical conductivity (molten/dissolved): YES — ions free to move.
Solubility in water: Many are soluble.
Example: NaCl, MgO, KBr.
2. Simple Molecular Substances (Simple Covalent)
Bonding: strong covalent bonds within molecules; weak intermolecular forces between molecules.
Structure: small, discrete molecules.
Melting/boiling point: LOW — weak intermolecular forces, little energy to overcome.
Electrical conductivity: NO (in any state) — no free electrons or ions.
Solubility in water: Variable (some dissolve, many don't).
Example: H₂O, CO₂, CH₄, O₂.
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