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This lesson explains the structure and properties of simple molecular substances (also called simple molecules). You need to understand the difference between the strong covalent bonds within molecules and the weak intermolecular forces between molecules, and how this explains their properties. This is a key topic in the Edexcel GCSE Chemistry (1CH0) specification.
Simple molecular substances are made up of small molecules. Each molecule contains a fixed number of atoms held together by strong covalent bonds.
Examples include:
| Substance | Formula | State at Room Temperature |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrogen | H₂ | Gas |
| Oxygen | O₂ | Gas |
| Nitrogen | N₂ | Gas |
| Water | H₂O | Liquid |
| Carbon dioxide | CO₂ | Gas |
| Methane | CH₄ | Gas |
| Ammonia | NH₃ | Gas |
| Hydrogen chloride | HCl | Gas |
It is essential to understand that there are two types of force at work in simple molecular substances:
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