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Edexcel GCSE Mathematics requires you to perform and describe four types of transformation: reflection, rotation, translation and enlargement. You need to know what information is required to describe each one fully, and how to carry out each transformation on a coordinate grid. Higher tier includes fractional and negative scale factors for enlargement.
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Object | The original shape before a transformation |
| Image | The shape after the transformation |
| Congruent | Same shape and same size |
| Similar | Same shape but different size (angles preserved, sides in proportion) |
| Invariant point | A point that does not move during a transformation |
| Transformation | What changes? | Congruent? | Information needed to describe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reflection | Position (flipped) | Yes | Line of reflection |
| Rotation | Position and orientation | Yes | Centre, angle, direction (clockwise/anticlockwise) |
| Translation | Position only | Yes | Column vector |
| Enlargement | Size (and position) | No (similar) | Scale factor and centre of enlargement |
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