Venn Diagrams

This lesson covers set notation, constructing Venn diagrams, finding probabilities from Venn diagrams, and extending to three sets for Higher tier students. Venn diagrams are a major topic in the Edexcel GCSE Mathematics (1MA1) specification and regularly appear in 4–6 mark exam questions.

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Set Notation

Before working with Venn diagrams, you need to understand set notation:

Symbol	Name	Meaning
ξ (or U)	Universal set	The set of all elements being considered
A	Set A	A particular group of elements
A ∪ B	A union B	Elements in A or B (or both)
A ∩ B	A intersection B	Elements in both A and B
A'	Complement of A	Elements not in A
n(A)	Number in A	The count of elements in set A
∅	Empty set	A set with no elements

Key Relationships