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This lesson covers momentum, conservation of momentum, and the relationship between force and rate of change of momentum — as required by the Edexcel GCSE Physics specification (1PH0), Topic 1: Key Concepts of Physics. You need to be able to calculate momentum, apply conservation of momentum to collisions and explosions, and explain how safety features reduce forces (Higher tier).
Momentum is a measure of how difficult it is to stop a moving object. It depends on both the object's mass and its velocity.
momentum = mass × velocity
p=mv
Where:
Example 1: A car of mass 1200 kg travels at 25 m/s. Calculate its momentum.
p = mv = 1200 × 25 = 30 000 kg m/s
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