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This lesson covers the structure and function of the human brain and the eye. This is Higher Tier content on the AQA GCSE Biology specification. Understanding how the brain controls complex behaviours and how the eye responds to light is essential for achieving the highest grades.
The brain is the main coordination centre of the body. It is part of the central nervous system (CNS) and is responsible for processing information from receptors and coordinating responses.
| Region | Location | Key Functions |
|---|---|---|
| Cerebral cortex | Outer layer of the cerebrum (largest part) | Consciousness, intelligence, memory, language, sensory processing, voluntary movement |
| Cerebellum | At the back of the brain, below the cerebrum | Balance, coordination of movement, posture, fine motor control |
| Medulla oblongata | At the base of the brain, connecting to the spinal cord | Controls unconscious activities: heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, peristalsis |
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