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This lesson is Higher Tier only content for AQA GCSE Biology. It covers how the genetic code in DNA is used to build proteins through the processes of transcription and translation. Proteins are essential molecules that carry out almost every function in the body, from enzymes to structural components.
Proteins are vital for life. They perform a huge range of functions in the body:
| Protein type | Function | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Structural proteins | Provide support and shape to cells and tissues | Collagen in skin and bone, keratin in hair |
| Enzymes | Act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions | Amylase, lipase, protease |
| Hormones | Chemical messengers that coordinate body processes | Insulin, growth hormone |
| Antibodies | Defend the body against pathogens | Immunoglobulins |
| Transport proteins | Carry substances around the body | Haemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells |
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