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This lesson covers Group 1 of the periodic table — the alkali metals — as required by AQA GCSE Chemistry specification (5.1.2). Group 1 elements are some of the most reactive metals. Understanding their properties, reactions, and the trend in reactivity down the group is essential for GCSE Chemistry.
Group 1 contains the following elements:
| Element | Symbol | Atomic Number | Electronic Configuration | Melting Point (degrees C) | Density (g/cm3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium | Li | 3 | 2, 1 | 181 | 0.53 |
| Sodium | Na | 11 | 2, 8, 1 | 98 | 0.97 |
| Potassium | K | 19 | 2, 8, 8, 1 | 63 | 0.86 |
| Rubidium | Rb | 37 | 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 | 39 | 1.53 |
| Caesium | Cs | 55 | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 | 28 | 1.93 |
| Francium | Fr | 87 | (radioactive, very rare) | — | — |
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