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Edward I (reigned 1272–1307) was one of the most powerful and effective medieval kings of England. Known as "Longshanks" for his great height and "the Hammer of the Scots" for his campaigns against Scotland, Edward was a formidable ruler who left a lasting mark on English law, government, and territory.
Edward was born on 17 June 1239 at Westminster. He was the eldest son of King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence.
| Key Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Birth | 17 June 1239, Westminster |
| Parents | Henry III and Eleanor of Provence |
| Height | Approximately 6 feet 2 inches — exceptionally tall for the medieval period |
| Nickname | "Longshanks" (long legs) |
| Marriage (1st) | Eleanor of Castile (1254); a famously loving marriage |
| Marriage (2nd) | Margaret of France (1299) |
| Accession | 20 November 1272 (while on Crusade) |
| Coronation | 19 August 1274 |
Edward I was a complex figure. Contemporary sources describe him as both impressive and intimidating.
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