Medieval Migration and Trade

In the centuries after the Norman Conquest, Britain experienced significant migration driven by trade, religion, and royal policy. Communities of merchants, craftsmen, and religious minorities settled in English towns and cities, contributing to the economic and cultural life of the country. However, migration also provoked hostility, prejudice, and violence.

---

Jewish Communities in Medieval England

The most significant migrant community in medieval England was the Jewish community, which arrived with William the Conqueror in 1066.

Settlement and Contribution

Feature	Detail
Arrival	Jews came from Normandy with William the Conqueror; they were among the first significant non-Christian minority in England
Role	Jews were the only people allowed to practise moneylending (usury), which was forbidden for Christians by the Church. This made them vital to the economy
Settlement	Jewish communities were established in major towns including London, York, Lincoln, Norwich, and Oxford
Royal protection	Jews were technically under the protection of the king, who valued them as a source of tax revenue
Cultural contribution	Jewish scholars contributed to medicine, translation, and intellectual life