Functions of Non-Verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication (NVC) serves many important functions in human interaction. Understanding these functions helps explain why NVC is so important — and why it can sometimes cause misunderstandings when people from different backgrounds interact.

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Key Functions of NVC

1. Expressing Emotions

NVC is the primary way we express and detect emotions. While we can describe our emotions in words, our facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language often communicate our emotional state more accurately than our words.

• People who say "I'm fine" while frowning and crossing their arms are sending contradictory messages — and research shows that people tend to trust the non-verbal message more than the verbal one

2. Regulating Conversation

NVC helps manage the flow of conversation:

• Eye contact signals interest and attention; looking away may signal boredom or a desire to end the conversation
• Head nodding encourages the speaker to continue
• Pausing and changes in body orientation signal turn-taking — when it is the other person's turn to speak
• Raised hand in formal settings signals a desire to speak

3. Communicating Interpersonal Attitudes

NVC communicates how we feel about other people: