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One of the most important grammar points in GCSE Spanish is the distinction between ser and estar — both meaning "to be" but used in different contexts. This lesson covers both verbs in full, explains when to use each one, and applies them to physical and personality descriptions.
| Subject | Ser | English |
|---|---|---|
| yo | soy | I am |
| tú | eres | you are |
| él/ella/usted | es | he/she is / you are (formal) |
| nosotros/as | somos | we are |
| vosotros/as | sois | you are (plural) |
| ellos/ellas/ustedes | son | they are / you are (formal plural) |
Use ser for things that are permanent or defining characteristics:
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