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Deindustrialisation — the decline of manufacturing industry — has been one of the most significant economic and social changes in the UK since the 1970s. This lesson examines what deindustrialisation is, why it happened, and how the UK economy has adapted through the growth of new industries.
Deindustrialisation is the reduction in the importance of manufacturing in a country's economy, measured by:
| Indicator | 1970 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing as % of GDP | ~30% | ~10% |
| Manufacturing employment | ~8 million | ~2.7 million |
| Coal mines operating | ~300 | 0 (last deep mine closed 2015) |
| Steel production | ~28 million tonnes/year | ~6 million tonnes/year |
| Shipbuilding | Major industry (Clyde, Tyne, Belfast) | Almost entirely ceased |
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