Character Analysis: Supporting Characters

While Shylock and Portia dominate the play, the supporting characters in The Merchant of Venice serve vital dramatic functions. This lesson examines Antonio, Bassanio, Jessica, Lorenzo, Gratiano, Nerissa, and the Duke.

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Antonio — The Melancholy Merchant

Antonio is the title character — the "merchant of Venice" — yet he is curiously passive throughout much of the play.

Key Characteristics

• Melancholy: The play opens with Antonio saying "In sooth, I know not why I am so sad." His sadness is never fully explained.
• Generosity: He lends money without interest and risks his life for Bassanio.
• Devotion to Bassanio: His love for Bassanio is intense — some critics read it as romantic love, others as deep friendship. He is willing to die for Bassanio.
• Anti-Semitism: He has spat on Shylock, called him a dog, and publicly humiliated him — yet he is presented as a good Christian.
• Passivity: In the trial, Antonio is resigned to death. He does not fight or scheme — Portia rescues him.

Key Quotes