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Network attacks target the communication infrastructure that connects systems. Understanding these attacks is essential for ethical hackers, as network-level vulnerabilities can expose all data in transit and enable access to systems that are otherwise well-secured at the application level.
A MITM attack intercepts communication between two parties without their knowledge:
Normal Communication:
Client ←────────────────→ Server
MITM Attack:
Client ←───→ Attacker ←───→ Server
(intercepts and
relays traffic)
| Attack | Description | Layer |
|---|---|---|
| ARP Spoofing | Poison the ARP cache to redirect traffic | Layer 2 |
| DNS Spoofing | Return forged DNS responses | Layer 7 |
| DHCP Spoofing | Act as a rogue DHCP server | Layer 2/3 |
| SSL Stripping | Downgrade HTTPS to HTTP | Layer 4/7 |
| Evil Twin | Create a rogue Wi-Fi access point | Layer 1/2 |
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) maps IP addresses to MAC addresses. ARP has no authentication, making it trivially exploitable:
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