Control Flow

Control flow statements determine the order in which instructions are executed. Java provides conditionals (if, switch) and loops (for, while, do-while) to make programs dynamic and responsive.

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If / Else

int score = 85;

if (score >= 90) {
    System.out.println("Grade: A");
} else if (score >= 80) {
    System.out.println("Grade: B");
} else if (score >= 70) {
    System.out.println("Grade: C");
} else {
    System.out.println("Grade: F");
}

Comparison Operators

Operator	Meaning
==	Equal to
!=	Not equal to
>	Greater than
<	Less than
>=	Greater than or equal to
<=	Less than or equal to

Logical Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
&&	AND	a > 0 && b > 0
||	OR	a > 0 || b > 0
!	NOT	!finished

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Ternary Operator

A concise alternative to simple if/else:

String result = (score >= 60) ? "Pass" : "Fail";

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Switch Statement

Classic Switch