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In this final lesson, we bring together everything covered in the course to design and build a complete observability stack. We will walk through architecture decisions, tool selection, implementation, and the organisational practices that make observability effective.
A production observability stack has four layers:
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Visualisation Layer │
│ Grafana (dashboards, explore, alerts) │
└──────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┘
│
┌──────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────┐
│ Storage Layer │
│ Prometheus/Mimir │ Loki │ Tempo │
│ (metrics) │ (logs) │ (traces) │
└──────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┘
│
┌──────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────┐
│ Collection Layer │
│ OTel Collector │ Promtail/Fluent Bit │ Prometheus │
└──────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┘
│
┌──────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────┐
│ Instrumentation Layer │
│ Application code with OTel SDK, client libraries │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
| Layer | Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Metrics | Prometheus + Mimir | Collection + long-term storage |
| Logs | Loki + Promtail | Aggregation + collection |
| Traces | Tempo + OTel Collector | Storage + collection |
| Visualisation | Grafana | Dashboards, alerting, exploration |
| Alerting | Alertmanager | Routing and notification |
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