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Cloud computing has fundamentally changed network security architecture. The traditional perimeter dissolves when applications, data, and users are distributed across multiple cloud providers, on-premises data centres, and remote locations. Cloud network security requires adapting architectural principles to environments where you no longer control the physical infrastructure.
| Traditional | Cloud |
|---|---|
| Physical firewalls at the perimeter | Virtual firewalls and security groups |
| Hardware load balancers | Cloud-native load balancers |
| Physical network segmentation | Virtual networks and subnets |
| On-premises IDS/IPS | Cloud-native threat detection services |
| MPLS for site-to-site connectivity | VPN and SD-WAN over the internet |
| Capital expenditure (buy hardware) | Operational expenditure (pay as you go) |
Cloud security follows a shared responsibility model — the cloud provider secures the infrastructure, while the customer secures their workloads:
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