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Understanding Oracle Database architecture is essential for effective database administration, performance tuning, and troubleshooting. Oracle separates the instance (memory + processes) from the database (physical files), and this distinction is central to how everything works.
| Component | What It Is |
|---|---|
| Instance | Memory structures (SGA) + background processes — exists in RAM and CPU |
| Database | Physical files on disk — datafiles, redo logs, control files, archived logs |
An instance can only open one database at a time (in traditional architecture). Multiple instances can open the same database simultaneously using Real Application Clusters (RAC).
The SGA is a shared memory region that all server and background processes access. Key components:
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