Geometry: Properties of Shapes

In Key Stage 1, children explore the world of 2-D and 3-D shapes. They begin by naming shapes they see around them, then progress to describing shapes precisely using mathematical properties.

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What This Topic Covers

• Year 1: Recognise and name common 2-D and 3-D shapes
• Year 2: Describe properties (sides, edges, vertices, faces); identify symmetry; find 2-D shapes on surfaces of 3-D shapes; compare and sort shapes

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2-D Shapes (Flat Shapes)

2-D means two-dimensional — shapes that are flat and have only length and width.

Common 2-D Shapes

Shape	Sides	Corners (vertices)	Notes
Circle	0	0	Perfectly round; no straight sides
Triangle	3	3	Any shape with 3 straight sides
Rectangle	4	4	Opposite sides are equal; all angles are right angles
Square	4	4	A special rectangle — all 4 sides equal
Pentagon	5	5
Hexagon	6	6
Octagon	8	8