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Être (to be) is the most frequently used verb in French. It is completely irregular — none of its forms follow a predictable pattern. This lesson provides the full present tense conjugation, extensive examples, and practice to help you master this essential verb.
| Subject Pronoun | Conjugation | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| je | suis | "swee" | I am |
| tu | es | "eh" | you are (informal) |
| il / elle / on | est | "eh" | he/she/one is |
| nous | sommes | "sohm" | we are |
| vous | êtes | "eht" | you are (formal/plural) |
| ils / elles | sont | "sohn" | they are |
Pronunciation note: Es and est are pronounced the same way — "eh." In liaison before a vowel, est can sound like "eh-t": il est anglais = "eel eh-tahn-GLEH."
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Je suis Marie. | I am Marie. |
| Tu es Pierre ? | Are you Pierre? |
| C'est mon frère. | This is my brother. |
| Nous sommes les Martin. | We are the Martins. |
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Je suis anglais. / Je suis anglaise. | I am English. (m./f.) |
| Il est français. | He is French. |
| Elle est espagnole. | She is Spanish. |
| Nous sommes britanniques. | We are British. |
| Vous êtes d'où ? | Where are you from? |
| Je suis de Manchester. | I am from Manchester. |
| Ils sont américains. | They are American. |
Agreement: The adjective of nationality must agree in gender and number with the subject: Il est français (masculine singular), Elle est française (feminine singular), Ils sont français (masculine plural), Elles sont françaises (feminine plural).
When stating your profession in French, do not use an article before the profession:
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Je suis professeur. | I am a teacher. |
| Elle est médecin. | She is a doctor. |
| Il est étudiant. | He is a student. |
| Nous sommes ingénieurs. | We are engineers. |
| Tu es journaliste ? | Are you a journalist? |
Important: Je suis professeur (no article). Adding un/une is incorrect in this construction: NOT Je suis un professeur. However, if you use c'est, you do include the article: C'est un professeur. (He/She is a teacher.)
Être is used with adjectives to describe people, things, and places.
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Le ciel est bleu. | The sky is blue. |
| La maison est grande. | The house is big. |
| Les fleurs sont belles. | The flowers are beautiful. |
| Tu es très intelligent. | You are very intelligent. |
| Vous êtes gentils. | You are kind. (plural) |
| Il est fatigué. | He is tired. |
| Elle est contente. | She is happy. |
| On est prêts. | We are ready. (informal) |
Être indicates where someone or something is located.
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Je suis à la maison. | I am at home. |
| Il est au bureau. | He is at the office. |
| Le chat est sous la table. | The cat is under the table. |
| Nous sommes en France. | We are in France. |
| Où es-tu ? | Where are you? (informal) |
| Les clés sont dans mon sac. | The keys are in my bag. |
| Paris est en France. | Paris is in France. |
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