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In Italian, the past participle does not always stay in its default masculine singular form (-o). Under certain conditions, it must agree in gender and number with the subject or with a direct object pronoun. Understanding these agreement rules is essential for grammatically correct Italian.
When the passato prossimo is formed with essere, the past participle always agrees with the subject:
| Subject | Agreement | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine singular | -o | Marco è partito. |
| Feminine singular | -a | Anna è partita. |
| Masculine plural | -i | I ragazzi sono partiti. |
| Feminine plural | -e | Le ragazze sono partite. |
| Mixed group | -i | Marco e Anna sono partiti. |
Note: For mixed-gender groups, Italian uses the masculine plural ending (-i).
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