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Beyond the nikkud vowel system, Hebrew uses several additional marks that affect pronunciation and meaning. The most important of these is the dagesh — a dot placed inside a letter. This lesson covers the dagesh and other special marks you will encounter when reading Hebrew.
The dagesh is a dot placed inside a letter. It has two types:
The dagesh kal affects the pronunciation of the three BeGaD KeFaT letters that still have dual sounds in modern Hebrew:
| Letter | Without Dagesh | With Dagesh |
|---|---|---|
| ב | v (vet) | בּ b (bet) |
| כ | kh (khaf) | כּ k (kaf) |
| פ | f (fe) | פּ p (pe) |
When does a letter get a dagesh kal?
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