Complex Argument Structures

Real LNAT passages rarely present simple, linear arguments. They contain multiple premises, embedded counter-arguments, layered reasoning, and arguments that interact with each other in sophisticated ways. This lesson examines the complex argument structures you will encounter in the most demanding Section A passages and provides strategies for navigating them efficiently.

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Arguments with Multiple Independent Premises

Some arguments offer several distinct reasons for the same conclusion. Each reason stands on its own — the argument does not depend on all of them being true simultaneously.

Structure

Premise 1 → supports → Conclusion
Premise 2 → supports → Conclusion
Premise 3 → supports → Conclusion

Example

"The death penalty should be abolished. It is irreversible, meaning innocent people who are wrongfully executed cannot be brought back. It has no proven deterrent effect — murder rates in states that have abolished the death penalty are no higher than in those that retain it. It is applied disproportionately to ethnic minorities and the poor, making it a tool of injustice rather than justice."