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De Morgan's laws are two fundamental rules that relate AND, OR, and NOT operations. They are among the most important tools for simplifying Boolean expressions and converting between different gate types. The OCR H446 specification explicitly requires you to know and apply these laws.
De Morgan's First Law: NOT(A AND B) = (NOT A) OR (NOT B)
De Morgan's Second Law: NOT(A OR B) = (NOT A) AND (NOT B)
In words:
First Law — NOT(A AND B) = (NOT A) OR (NOT B): "It is not the case that both A and B are true" is the same as "either A is false, or B is false (or both)."
Second Law — NOT(A OR B) = (NOT A) AND (NOT B): "It is not the case that A or B is true" is the same as "A is false AND B is false."
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