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This lesson covers the details of the Internet layer and related services: IP addressing (IPv4 and IPv6), subnetting, DNS, DHCP, NAT, port numbers, and the difference between TCP and UDP. These are essential for the OCR H446 specification.
An IP address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to every device on a network that uses the Internet Protocol.
IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) uses 32-bit addresses, written as four octets (groups of 8 bits) in dotted decimal notation.
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Format | 4 octets: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx |
| Bits | 32 bits total |
| Range | 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 |
| Total addresses | 2^32 = approximately 4.3 billion |
| Example | 192.168.1.100 |
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) was developed to address the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses.
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