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As your data pipelines grow, you need a system to schedule, monitor, and manage them. Workflow orchestration tools handle dependencies, retries, alerting, and scheduling so you can focus on the logic. This lesson covers Apache Airflow, DAGs, tasks, scheduling, retries, and Prefect as an alternative.
Without orchestration, you end up with:
An orchestrator solves all of these problems.
Airflow is the most widely used orchestration tool in data engineering.
| Concept | Description |
|---|---|
| DAG | Directed Acyclic Graph — defines the workflow |
| Task | A single unit of work in the DAG |
| Operator | The type of task (Python, Bash, SQL, etc.) |
| Schedule | When the DAG runs (cron expression) |
| XCom | Cross-communication — pass data between tasks |
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