Worked Examples: Logical Deductions Under Time Pressure

This lesson brings together everything from the previous nine lessons with a set of fully worked examples, each solved using the systematic approaches you have learned. Every example includes a time budget, the solving method, and common pitfalls to avoid. Use this lesson as both a practice resource and a revision reference.

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Example 1: Syllogism (Yes/No Format)

Time budget: 50 seconds

Consider the following premises:

• All pharmacists are university graduates.
• Some university graduates work in hospitals.
• No hospital workers are under 18.

For each of the following, decide whether it follows logically from the premises. Answer Yes or No.

Statement	Your answer
A. Some pharmacists work in hospitals.
B. No pharmacists are under 18.
C. Some university graduates are under 18.
D. All hospital workers are university graduates.

Solution

Draw the Venn diagram:

• Pharmacists circle entirely inside University Graduates circle.
• University Graduates and Hospital Workers overlap (X in the overlap).
• Hospital Workers and Under 18 are completely separate (no overlap).